Contributors
Preface
1. Economic and Environmental Comparison of Conventional and Alternative Vehicle Options
1. Introduction
2. Analysis
3. Results and discussion
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgement
Nomenclature
References
2. Lifetime Cost of Battery, Fuel-Cell, and Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Lifetime cost of battery-electric vehicles
3. Lifetime cost of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles
4. Lifetime cost of fuel-cell electric vehicles
5. Discussion
Acknowledgments
References
3. Relative Fuel Economy Potential of Intelligent, Hybrid and Intelligent–Hybrid Passenger Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Vehicle models for simulation studies
3. Velocity scheduling using traffic preview
4. Hybrid vehicles with telematics
5. Optimal management of hybrid vehicles with telematics
6. Conclusions and future opportunities
Acknowledgements
Nomenclature
References
4. Cost-Effective Vehicle and Fuel Technology Choices in a Carbon-Constrained World: Insights from Global Energy Systems Modeling
1. Introduction
2. Method
3. Results
4. Discussion and conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
5. Expected Greenhouse Gas Emission Reductions by Battery, Fuel Cell, and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Background and previous research
3. Formation of GHG emissions from EV fuel cycles
4. Estimates of GHG emissions from EV fuel cycles
5. Magnitude of possible GHG reductions—scaling up the EV industry
6. Key uncertainties and areas for further research
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
Appendix
6. Analysis of Design Tradeoffs for Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Methods for studying PHEV design
3. PHEV subsystem description and tradeoff analysis
4. Case studies
5. Concluding remarks
References
7. Evaluation of Energy Consumption, Emissions, and Costs of Plug-in Hybrid Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Factors affecting plug-in hybrid fuel consumption and emissions
3. SAE J1711 recommended practice
4. Methodology
5. United States, Europe, and Japan analysis
6. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
Nomenclature
References
8. Improving Petroleum Displacement Potential of PHEVs Using Enhanced Charging Scenarios
1. Introduction
2. Approach
3. Results
4. Conclusions
Acknowledgments
References
9. Fuel Cell Electric Vehicles, Battery Electric Vehicles, and their Impact on Energy Storage Technologies: An Overview
1. Introduction
2. The boundary conditions for automotive technology development
3. Fuel cell electric and battery electric vehicles — two competing concepts?
4. Fuel cell electric vehicles
5. Extended-range electric vehicles
6. Infrastructure issues
7. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
List of abbreviations
References
10. On the Road Performance Simulation of Battery, Hydrogen, and Hybrid Cars
1. Introduction
2. Simulation of efficient internal combustion vehicle
3. Simulation of fuel cell vehicle
4. Simulation of battery vehicle
5. Simulation of hybrid vehicles
6. Optimization of hybrid configuration
7. Conclusions
References
Appendix: Performance Measures
11. Life Cycle Assessment of Hydrogen Fuel Cell and Gasoline Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Methodology
3. Scope
4. Limitations
5. Results and discussion
6. Concluding remarks
References
12. DOE’s National Fuel Cell Vehicle Learning Demonstration Project — NREL’s Data Analysis Results
1. Introduction
2. Approach and industry partners
3. Demonstration logistics
4. Results
5. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgments
Definitions, Acronyms, Abbreviations
References
13. Battery Requirements for HEVs, PHEVs, and EVs: An Overview
1. Introduction
2. General requirements
3. Specific requirements and examples
4. Fuel cell hybrid vehicles
5. Summary of the different Li ion chemistries existing at present, and to be used in HEVs, PHEVs, or EVs
6. The future
References
14. Battery Environmental Analysis
1. Introduction
2. Quantitative analyses: LCA
3. Model
4. Impact of the different battery technologies
5. Electric vehicles traction batteries
6. Qualitative analysis
References
15. A Roadmap to Understand Battery Performance in Electric and Hybrid Vehicle Operation
1. Introduction
2. Field test data collection and analysis
3. Laboratory battery tests
4. Single cell and battery pack modeling
5. Vehicle drivetrain platform modeling
6. Concluding remarks
Acknowledgement
References
16. Batteries for PHEVs: Comparing Goals and the State of Technology
1. Introduction
2. Basic PHEV design concepts
3. PHEV battery goals
4. Battery technologies
5. Li-ion battery prospects
6. What PHEV could be made with near-term battery technologies?
7. Discussion and conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
17. Battery Size and Capacity Use in Hybrid and Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Defining the maximum pulse-power capability
3. A simple model for battery size and capacity use
4. A combined model for battery size and capacity use
5. Conclusions
Acknowledgements
Terminology
References
18. Safety of Lithium-Ion Batteries for Hybrid Electric Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Li-ion flavors
3. Li-ion cell failures
4. Why do Li-ion cells go into thermal runaway?
5. Typical safety circuits
6. HEV battery safety standards
7. System specific safety evaluation
8. Voltage introduced safety considerations
9. Summary
Acknowledgments
References
19. Management of Batteries for Electric Traction Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Application introduction
3. Battery management systems
4. Battery management system examples
5. Conclusion
Acknowledgments
Glossary
References
20. Electric Vehicle Charging Infrastructure
1. Introduction
2. Charging power levels
3. Charging modes for conductive charging
4. Communication issues
5. Accessories for charging
6. “Fast” charging
7. Inductive charging
8. Conclusions
References
21. Market Prospects of Electric Passenger Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Technical aspects
3. Relevant stakeholders and outline of calculation model
4. Scenario calculations
5. Conclusions and future opportunities
Nomenclature
References
22. Automakers’ Powertrain Options for Hybrid and Electric Vehicles
1. Introduction
2. Hybrid electric vehicles
3. Battery electric vehicles
4. Fuel cell hydrogen electric vehicles
5. Multi-purpose electrified traction platforms and architectures, and auto innovation design
6. Conclusions
Appendix
1. Selected references for topics not specifically treated in this book (to January 2010)
2. Further reading on recharging networks and market issues (to January 2010)
Index